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Chapter: Explaining Al-Iman (Faith), Al-Islam, and Al-Ihsan, and The Obligations of Al-Iman With Affirmation of The Qadar of Allah, Glorious And Most High is He. And Explaining The Evidence For Declaring One's Innocence Of One Who Does Not Believe In Al-Qadar, And Having A Harsh View Of His Case
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باب بيان الإيمان والإسلام والإحسان ووجوب الإيمان بإثبات قدر الله سبحانه وتعالى وبيان الدليل على التبري ممن لا يؤمن بالقدر وإغلاظ القول في حقه
It is narrated on the authority of Yahya b. Ya'mur that the
first man who discussed about Qadr (Divine Decree) in Basra was Ma'bad
al-Juhani. I along with Humaid b. 'Abdur-Rahman Himyari set out for prilgrimage
or for 'Umrah and said:
Should it so happen that we come into contact with one of
the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) we shall ask him a
bout what is talked about Taqdir (Division Decree). Accidentally we came across
Abdullah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab, while he was entering the mosque. My
companion and I surrounded him. One of us (stood) on his right and the other
stood on his left. I expected that my companion would authorize me to speak. I
therefore said: Abu Abdur Rahman! there have appeared some people in our land
who recite the Holy Qur'an and pursue knowledge. And then after talking about
their affairs, added: They (such people) claim that there is no such thing as
Divine Decree and events are not predestined. He (Abdullah ibn Umar) said: When
you happen to meet such people tell them that I have nothing to do with them
and they have nothing to do with me. And verily they are in no way responsible
for my (belief). Abdullah ibn Umar swore by Him (the Lord) (and said): If any
one of them (who does not believe in the Divine Decree) had with him gold equal
to the bulk of (the mountain) Uhud and then, it (in the way of Allah), Allah
would not accept it unless he affirmed his faith in Divine Decree. He further
said: My father, Umar ibn al-Khattab, told me: One day we were sitting in the
company of Allah's Apostle (peace be upon him) when there appeared before us a
man dressed in pure white clothes, his hair extraordinarily black. There were
no signs of travel on him. None amongst us recognized him. At last he sat with
the Apostle (peace be upon him) He knelt before him placed his palms on his
thighs and said: Muhammad, inform me about al-Islam. The Messenger of Allah
(peace be upon him) said: Al-Islam implies that you testify that there is no
god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, and you establish
prayer, pay Zakat, observe the fast of Ramadan, and perform pilgrimage to the
(House) if you are solvent enough (to bear the expense of) the journey. He (the
inquirer) said: You have told the truth. He (Umar ibn al-Khattab) said: It
amazed us that he would put the question and then he would himself verify the
truth. He (the inquirer) said: Inform me about Iman (faith). He (the Holy
Prophet) replied: That you affirm your faith in Allah, in His angels, in His
Books, in His Apostles, in the Day of Judgment, and you affirm your faith in
the Divine Decree about good and evil. He (the inquirer) said: You have told
the truth. He (the inquirer) again said: Inform me about al-Ihsan (performance
of good deeds). He (the Holy Prophet) said: That you worship Allah as if you
are seeing Him, for though you don't see Him, He, verily, sees you. He (the
enquirer) again said: Inform me about the hour (of the Doom). He (the Holy
Prophet) remarked: One who is asked knows no more than the one who is inquiring
(about it). He (the inquirer) said: Tell me some of its indications. He (the
Holy Prophet) said: That the slave-girl will give birth to her mistress and
master, that you will find barefooted, destitute goat-herds vying with one
another in the construction of magnificent buildings. He (the narrator, Umar
ibn al-Khattab) said: Then he (the inquirer) went on his way but I stayed with
him (the Holy Prophet) for a long while. He then, said to me: Umar, do you know
who this inquirer was? I replied: Allah and His Apostle knows best. He (the
Holy Prophet) remarked: He was Gabriel (the angel). He came to you in order to
instruct you in matters of religion.
حَدَّثَنِي
أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ، زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا
وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ كَهْمَسٍ، عَنْ
عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ،
عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ،
ح وَحَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ
اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ،
- وَهَذَا حَدِيثُهُ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا كَهْمَسٌ،
عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ
يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ، قَالَ
كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَالَ
فِي الْقَدَرِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ مَعْبَدٌ الْجُهَنِيُّ فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ
عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ حَاجَّيْنِ أَوْ مُعْتَمِرَيْنِ فَقُلْنَا
لَوْ لَقِينَا أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ
رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله
عليه وسلم فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَمَّا
يَقُولُ هَؤُلاَءِ فِي الْقَدَرِ فَوُفِّقَ
لَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ
عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ دَاخِلاً
الْمَسْجِدَ فَاكْتَنَفْتُهُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي أَحَدُنَا
عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَالآخَرُ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ فَظَنَنْتُ
أَنَّ صَاحِبِي سَيَكِلُ الْكَلاَمَ إِلَىَّ فَقُلْتُ أَبَا
عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّهُ قَدْ ظَهَرَ
قِبَلَنَا نَاسٌ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ
وَيَتَقَفَّرُونَ الْعِلْمَ - وَذَكَرَ مِنْ شَأْنِهِمْ - وَأَنَّهُمْ
يَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لاَ قَدَرَ
وَأَنَّ الأَمْرَ أُنُفٌ . قَالَ فَإِذَا لَقِيتَ
أُولَئِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْهُمْ
وَأَنَّهُمْ بُرَآءُ مِنِّي وَالَّذِي
يَحْلِفُ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ
بْنُ عُمَرَ لَوْ أَنَّ
لأَحَدِهِمْ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا
فَأَنْفَقَهُ مَا قَبِلَ اللَّهُ
مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ
ثُمَّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي
عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ
بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ
اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه
وسلم ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ
طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ
الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعَرِ
لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ
السَّفَرِ وَلاَ يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا
أَحَدٌ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى
النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه
وسلم فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَوَضَعَ
كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ وَقَالَ
يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى
الله عليه وسلم " الإِسْلاَمُ
أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ
إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا
رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ
وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ
سَبِيلاً . قَالَ صَدَقْتَ . قَالَ فَعَجِبْنَا لَهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ
. قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ
الإِيمَانِ . قَالَ " أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ
وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ
خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ " . قَالَ صَدَقْتَ . قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِحْسَانِ . قَالَ " أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ
كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ
تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ
" . قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ
السَّاعَةِ . قَالَ " مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا
بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ " . قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَمَارَتِهَا . قَالَ " أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ
رَبَّتَهَا وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ
الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ
فِي الْبُنْيَانِ " . قَالَ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ
فَلَبِثْتُ مَلِيًّا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي
" يَا عُمَرُ أَتَدْرِي
مَنِ السَّائِلُ " . قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ
أَعْلَمُ . قَالَ " فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ " .
It is narrated on the authority of Yahya b. Ya'mur that when
Ma'bad discussed the problem pertaining to Divine Decree, we refuted that. He
(the narrator) said:
I and Humaid b. Abdur-Rahman Himyari argued. And they carried
on the conversation about the purport of the hadith related by Kahmas and its
chain of transmission too, and there is some variation of words.
حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الْغُبَرِيُّ، وَأَبُو كَامِلٍ الْجَحْدَرِيُّ وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدَةَ قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ مَطَرٍ الْوَرَّاقِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ، قَالَ لَمَّا تَكَلَّمَ مَعْبَدٌ بِمَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ فِي شَأْنِ الْقَدَرِ أَنْكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ . قَالَ فَحَجَجْتُ أَنَا وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ حِجَّةً . وَسَاقُوا الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ كَهْمَسٍ وَإِسْنَادِهِ . وَفِيهِ بَعْضُ زِيَادَةٍ وَنُقْصَانُ أَحْرُفٍ .
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